And He is the One who created the night and the day, the sun and the moon — each one floating along in its own orbit.
Surah Al-Anbiya 21:33
Meet the neighbours
One fun fact each, plus the numbers to go with it.
The Sun
The Sun is so big that about 1.3 million Earths could fit inside it. It holds 99.8% of everything in the solar system — the eight planets are the leftovers.
What it is
A star
Surface heat
About 5,500 °C
Light to Earth
8 minutes 20 seconds
Planets it holds
8
Mercury
Mercury turns so slowly that one sunrise-to-sunrise day lasts about 176 Earth days — twice as long as its whole year. You could have a birthday before lunchtime ended.
Moons
None
One spin
59 Earth days
One year
88 Earth days
From the Sun
58 million km
Venus
Venus is the hottest planet — about 465 °C, hot enough to melt lead — even though Mercury sits closer to the Sun. Its thick clouds trap the heat like a blanket. It also spins backwards.
Moons
None
One spin
243 Earth days
One year
225 Earth days
From the Sun
108 million km
Earth
Ours is the only world we know of with liquid water on the surface and living things on it — and it is almost three quarters ocean. Every sunset you have ever seen happened here.
Moons
1
One spin
24 hours
One year
365¼ days
From the Sun
150 million km
Mars
Mars has Olympus Mons, the tallest volcano we know of, standing about 22 km high — nearly three Mount Everests. The whole planet looks red because its dust is full of rust.
Moons
2 — Phobos and Deimos
One spin
24 hours 37 minutes
One year
687 Earth days
From the Sun
228 million km
Jupiter
The Great Red Spot is a storm wider than the whole Earth, and it has been spinning for hundreds of years. Jupiter is also the fastest spinner: a day there is under 10 hours.
Moons
95 known
One spin
About 10 hours
One year
12 Earth years
From the Sun
778 million km
Saturn
Saturn is lighter than water for its size. Find a bathtub big enough and the planet would float in it. Its famous rings are mostly lumps of ice, some like grains of sand and some like houses.
Moons
146 known
One spin
About 10½ hours
One year
29 Earth years
From the Sun
1.4 billion km
Uranus
Uranus is tipped right over on its side, so it rolls around the Sun like a ball instead of spinning like a top. That gives each pole about 21 years of daylight, then 21 years of night.
Moons
28 known
One spin
17 hours
One year
84 Earth years
From the Sun
2.9 billion km
Neptune
Neptune has the fastest winds anywhere in the solar system, near 2,000 km/h. It was also found with a pencil before a telescope: astronomers worked out where it had to be from the way Uranus wobbled.
Moons
16 known
One spin
16 hours
One year
165 Earth years
From the Sun
4.5 billion km
Test your space brain
Five questions. Tap an answer to see if you got it.
Which planet would float if you put it in a big enough bath?
Saturn is less dense than water, so it would bob on the top.
Which planet is the hottest?
Venus wins. Its thick clouds hold the heat in, so it beats Mercury even from further away.
How long does sunlight take to reach us?
About 8 minutes and 20 seconds. The sunlight on your hand left the Sun before you sat down.
Which planet rolls on its side?
Uranus is tipped about 98 degrees, so it rolls along its path round the Sun.
How many planets are in our solar system?
Eight, since Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006.
Answered 0 of 5.
Ready for the real thing? Space Explorer has a live orbit map with the
planets where they actually are today, every named moon, and stars and
galaxies drawn star by star.
Find a football for the Sun and put it at one end of the room.
A peppercorn is Mercury, another is Venus, and Earth is a peppercorn too — we are small.
A pinhead is Mars, a large marble is Jupiter, a smaller marble is Saturn.
Two peas can be Uranus and Neptune.
Now the hard part: at that size, Earth belongs about 24 metres from the football, and Neptune about 700 metres away. Take the peas outside and see how far you get.
That empty space is most of what the solar system actually is.